Marble Unique Table Lamps

This novelty lamp pairs a solid marble base with a clear glass shade for a modern look on your side table or desk. The tapered marble base provides a weighted, architectural foundation that highlights the stone's natural texture and grain for added depth. A specialty Edison-style LED bulb sits inside the shade, casting ambient light across your space while showcasing the filament for a vintage-inspired feel. Its plug-in design features an in-line switch for easy operation in your main bedroom or living area. Plus, the included bulb provides energy-efficient illumination right out of the box.

I absolutely love this lamp! It’s beautiful, and the base has a substantial weight to it that makes it feel sturdy and well made. You can really feel the quality. I’m so happy with this purchase!. Jayme. Peoria, AZ. Sun, 18 Oct 2026

This novelty lamp is a showstopper for any room. Its luxe marble base adds a classic touch, while the white glass globe shade rests on a gold-finished metal holder. The shade surrounds a single bulb (sold separately) that's ready to cast a warm, ambient glow throughout your space. Designed with an in-line cord switch, it's easy to turn on and off. Whether you're going for a modern or traditional vibe, this lamp fits right in. Just wipe clean with a dry cloth and avoid harsh cleaners to keep it looking fresh.

Love this lamp! Cute, simple, and bright!. Linda. Pittsford, NY. Fri, 16 Oct 2026

Bold, sculptural, and effortlessly modern, this novelty lamp brings artful design to your tabletop. The sleek cylindrical base pairs with a rounded glass shade to create a clean, balanced silhouette that doubles as décor. Made from a blend of metal and glass, it delivers a polished look that works beautifully in bedrooms, living rooms, or creative workspaces. The warm, ambient glow adds a cozy finish, while the inline switch along the cord keeps control simple and accessible wherever you place it.

I searched for months to find the perfect lamps to complete the styling of my office. These are designed beautifully, modern and sleek. The lamps are also very high quality and have some weight to them. These will be forever pieces for me!. Lynne. TX. Fri, 30 Jan 2026

This accent lamp adds a coastal look to your space with its ombré glass globe shade that casts a warm, ambient glow. It sits on a white marble base with a stacked pedestal shape, blending elegance with stability. It's designed for a single candle-shaped bulb (not included) that fits a candelabra base, up to 25W. With a 59" black cord and an in-line switch, turning this lamp on and off is a breeze. Ideal for dry locations, it’s a stylish choice for your bedside or reading nook.

Love the light. Bulbs are not easy to find.. Kim Marie. Saint Paul, MN. Fri, 23 Oct 2026

Bring natural beauty and modern elegance to your space with this sculptural globe table lamp. Featuring a genuine marble base, a rounded white glass shade, and a subtle gold-tone accent, it combines timeless materials with a clean, contemporary silhouette. Available in multiple base colors, it easily complements a variety of interior styles, from modern and minimalist to transitional and organic modern. Each natural marble base features unique variations in color, veining, texture, and surface pattern, making every lamp one of a kind. The 5.9'' white glass globe gently diffuses light to create soft, comfortable ambient illumination, perfect for bedrooms, living rooms, and cozy evening settings. Measuring 12.4'' high with a compact 3.93'' wide base, this lamp adds a decorative touch without taking up excessive tabletop space. Place it on a nightstand, bedside table, end table, dresser, console table, or entryway table. Designed for a standard E26 medium-base bulb, this lamp allows you to select your preferred brightness and color temperature. It also accommodates dimmable bulbs purchased separately. For proper fit inside the glass shade, bulb diameter should not exceed 1.96''.

This lamp is great! I strongly prefer lights that are enclosed so that bugs don’t get in, so this is perfect. The travertine is lovely. Heavy and smooth with a natural texture in an agreeable neutral shade.. Carol. Rochester, NY. Sat, 03 Oct 2026

Elevating antique aesthetics, this table lamp adds a touch of charm to your space with an industrial and glamorous twist. The Lindemarie 10.5'' White Table Lamp adds a modern touch that contrasts the metal brass-finished birdcage-style shade. Inside, the exposed 4W LED bulb (included!) ties the look together. We especially love the exposed filament bulb, which leans into its retro style. The in-line switch on the cord makes it easy to operate.

Exactly the right height. Love the marble base. Definitely a sturdy piece and so helpful that it comes with the bulb. Very happy, glad I purchased.. Marilyn. Colorado Springs, CO. Thu, 05 Feb 2026

Elevate your home decor with this elegant Natural Onyx Touch Lamp. Expertly handcrafted from 100% authentic natural marble, every lamp boasts distinctive natural veining and warm amber hues, ensuring no two pieces are exactly alike. The translucent stone gently diffuses LED light to cast a soft ambient glow, building a warm and inviting ambiance. Versatile enough for bedrooms, living rooms, bathrooms and dining areas, it works perfectly as a nightstand lamp or accent lighting. Combining timeless natural beauty with modern practicality, it is also a thoughtful gift choice for your loved ones.

It’s such a beautiful light! It casts such a nice glow. Perfect for my reading nook!!. Anonymous. Sun, 14 Jun 2026

Elevate bedrooms, living rooms and vanity spaces with our Natural Onyx Tap Touch Control Table Lamp, merging luxurious natural stone craftsmanship with sleek minimalist lighting. Expertly hand-carved from authentic natural onyx marble, every lamp showcases distinct, flowing organic veining—no two lamps feature identical stone patterns, delivering an upscale, natural aesthetic that mass-produced plastic light fixtures cannot replicate. The translucent onyx body gently diffuses soft LED light into a mellow warm glow, casting tranquil ambient illumination to adorn nightstands, floating shelves, marble side tables and bathroom countertops.

Gave it to a friend for her Birthday she loved it, came a little bent. Gale. Locust Grove, GA. Tue, 15 Sep 2026

This 2-light table lamp brings a sleek, vintage-inspired accent to your desk or side table. It's made from white marble and gold-hued aluminum, and it has white linen shades for a classic look. This accent lamp has a circular base and two curved, cylindrical arms each topped with an empire-shaped shade. Two 40W bulbs (sold separately) sit within the shades, illuminating your home office with ambient light. Plus, easily turn this lamp on and off with the built-in push-thru socket switch.

Love this lamp. Lot of bang for the buck. Lori. Wed, 07 Oct 2026

Jazz Age style meets minimalist design in this Art Deco-inspired table lamp. The frosted glass globes create warm accent lighting for a living room or bedroom. The included Edison-style LED bulb already provides plenty of light, but you may use it with a wall dimmer for some romantic ambiance. So stylish, you'll want a pair!

Gives hotel vibes but in my MY bedroom! Perfect pairing to add to the sophisticated vibe I’m going for!. Tamara. Cordova, TN. Sat, 06 Jan 2024

This eye catching lamp makes a stylish addition to your surface space and beautifully illuminate its surrounding area. Sturdy and long lasting construction for a solid display to brighten up any space. Set on a living room side table, bedroom nightstand, home office desk, or entryway console, the metal living room lamp complements curved furniture, vibrant walls, and contemporary decor. Requires 2 3W Type T G9/BI-PIN bulbs. This bedroom lamp ships in 1 carton. Wipe this reading lamp for nightstand clean with a dry cloth. Comes with a 62" cord length. Metal table lamp makes a great gift for any occasion. Nightstand lamp is suitable for indoor use only. Round lamp arrives ready to style right out of the box. Table lamp comes with a white round shaped shade that measures 6 x 6 x 6 inches. Includes a on/off switch. Marble is a product of nature and no two pieces are exactly alike. It is prone to variations in color and/or patterns in the material that add to the beauty and charm of the piece.. Office lamp for desk elevates your home decor. This is a single gold lamp. Contemporary lamp.

I just love this lamp! The marble base is solid, and keeps the lamp stable, the spheres give off a relaxing, yet whimsical style. I bought 2 for the guest room, for balance on nightstands. One arrived with a chipped base, so I was sent a replacement. I tested the chipped-base one on an entry table, and now I can’t bring myself to move it! Something about the fluid design and perfect spheres is calming. It has a rotating on-off switch a few inches down the black cord from the lamp base. Lamp arrived very well packed, including the tinyspecial sized (LED ) bulbs required. PHOTO also shows a separate feather lamp, which is NOT included with this lamp.. Kimberly. Park City, UT. Sun, 31 May 2026

Mid-century modern styling and LED efficiency combine in this 30" table lamp. A slim silhouette and compact footprint make this table lamp perfect for desks, nightstands, or any small space. A tall LED bulb behind a frosted cylinder shade provides up to 1,200 lumens of warm, ambient lighting, while a 4-way touch switch helps you move from dim, mood lighting to bright ambient light for a reading or work area. A matte black finish with antique brass accents finishes off this lamp with mid-century inspiration, while a black marble base provides a sturdy stance.

Very sleek. Took us awhile to figure out to tap the under side of the base to turn it on.. Qtm. New Orleans, LA. Wed, 30 Dec 2020

Add a polished and eye-catching accent to your tabletop with our Filareta table lamp. Showcasing a minimalist yet intriguing form and a fine blend of materials, our lamp strikes a stylish impact. A beautifully flared, dome shade is perched upon a slender arm to capture the eye and attain a floating effect. Accented with brass and grounded with a marble base, our table lamp serves as a polished and striking accent. It provides focused light to beautifully illuminate your nightstand, desk, or end table.

Beautiful. Just as pictured. Two comments: The finial screw threads for assembling the shade to the lamp has to match up with the hole in the shade. They are not round. Also the shade only reflects light down. Therefore the art on the wall above the lamp is in darkness.. Linda. Royal Oak, MI. Thu, 06 Aug 2026

Sphere Table Lighting Nordic Style Frosted Glass Single-Bulb Bedside Nightstand Lamp with Dome Marble Base

Very nice looking, really solid. Hannah. Augusta, GA. Tue, 03 Feb 2026

A geometric structure and exposed bulb pair together to create this perfect contemporary piece. Sitting atop a marble base, its open structure leaves plenty of room for its light to shine. Perfectly suited for any industrial or contemporary space.

This is a really cute lamp. I love it with the Edison bulb as it makes a great focal point in a dark corner. It appears really well made. As someone who used to solely shop at high-end stores, I’ve really come to appreciate the quality and value of Wayfair products, particularly when it’s Wayfair verified. Definitely recommend. Keisha. Bowie, MD. Mon, 26 Oct 2026

Introducing the Aditya accent table lamp, where Art Deco meets modern sophistication in a compact design that's just six inches tall. Crafted from luxurious stone and soft felt, this portable and cordless beauty effortlessly illuminates any space with its unique charm. Perfect for those who love to rearrange their decor on a whim, this lamp offers the flexibility to move it wherever you desire without being tethered by cords. With its sleek silhouette, it's more than just a source of light?it's an expression of style. To keep it looking pristine, simply wipe it clean with a dry cloth and steer clear of harsh cleaners to preserve its exquisite finish. Whether placed on your bedside table or used as a decorative piece in your living room, the Aditya lamp is sure to add a touch of elegance and flair to any setting.

I love, love, love this little lamp! I actually gasped when I opened it and saw it. I’m a mushroom fan, and this mushroom doesn’t disappoint! It’s heavy, and won’t be knocked over easily. Perfect accent lamp where you don’t want a cord.. Karen. Mcdonough, GA. Sun, 08 Nov 2026

The Celine table lamp introduces a stylish organic touch to any room. Its black cloud marble base is paired with a soft off-white linen shade for a handcrafted vibe and a warm, inviting glow. Plated satin nickel accents keep the look understated, while dimmable lighting offers easily adjustable ambiance that’s perfect for modern and contemporary interiors.

Fangio Lighting's 5179-USB 13 in. Alabaster Uplight with USB Port is sure to instantly charm. Attention to detail can be found in the striking look and stunning design that will add a subtle Transitional flare to your favorite space. The brushed steel finish is among the most desired in homes today! Light comes complete with an easy to use on/off switch. This item takes 1 bulb with a maximum wattage of 40 (Not Included.) Lamp is UL and CSA Listed. Showcase your discerning tastes brilliantly with this item. The stylized, marble and metal look possesses its own presence while illuminating your exquisite decorating tastes. If you enjoy the graceful lines of Transitional designs, this is the lamp for you! Bring this item home! You will be glad you did!

Great for the price. Marge. Fayette, MO. Wed, 30 Dec 2020

Get ready to enrich your space with a piece that's reminiscent of old-school banker's lamps. An elongated dome shade is crafted from metal with a bold brass finish, and it's elevated as it sits on a tapered, white marble base. Included is a single LED bulb, which offers a warm, soothing glow that's controlled by an in-line cord switch. At 10" tall and just over 14" wide, it's a great addition to a desk in your home office or on your bedroom vanity.

This lamp is so stinking cute, I can’t get over it. I’m obsessed. The quality of the marble is fantastic and it gives positive energy to my space. I love it. Highly recommended!. Lisa. Chicago, IL. Sat, 02 Aug 2025

This Eye-catching Table Lamp Showcases A Sculpture Inspired By A Rams Horn Displayed Around A Plated Antique Brass Column And A Thick Black Marble Foot. A Round Hardback Drum Shade Made With An Off-white Linen Fabric Completes The Piece.

Introducing the Westfahl accent table lamp, where Art Deco elegance meets modern convenience. This petite powerhouse stands just 6 inches tall and is crafted from luxurious felt, making it a standout piece in any setting. Its portable and cordless design ensures that you can effortlessly move it to wherever you need a touch of sophistication or an extra splash of light. Whether it's your desk, nightstand, or favorite reading nook, this lamp fits seamlessly into your space while adding a dash of glamour. Easy to maintain with a simple wipe from a dry cloth, the Westfahl lamp is both stylish and practical?perfect for those who appreciate form and function. Brighten up your home with this chic little companion that brings timeless style to modern living.

Blending natural marble elegance with modern smart functionality, this egg-shaped touch table lamp is a chic and practical addition to your home decor. Each lamp features unique natural stone veining with a hand-polished smooth finish, delivering soft, glare-free warm ambient light for a cozy living atmosphere. Designed with sensitive touch dimming control, it allows easy stepless brightness adjustment by simple tapping without extra switches or remotes. Boasting solid marble durable construction and a minimalist stylish silhouette, this multi-purpose lamp fits bedrooms, living rooms, offices and more. It works perfectly as daily mood lighting and a premium decorative ornament, also serving as a great holiday and housewarming gift choice.

I was pleasantly surprised by the beauty and warm glow that this egg shaped lamp puts out. There are three different levels of brightness that you can choose from. All it takes is a simple touch on the egg to change the brightness.. Donald. NC. Wed, 02 Sep 2026

Enliven your home with our sculptural and beautifully minimalist Kenta table lamp. The dramatic appeal of the table lamp is complemented by a metal dome shade. Completed with gleaming brass hardware and a white marble base, our table lamp adds a refined touch of luxury to any corner. It radiates focused light to illuminate your tabletop, desk, or nightstand.

This lamp is simply beautiful. The quality is great.. Patsy. TX. Sat, 24 Oct 2026

The Sparrow Table Lamp perches a pair of sculpted birds along an arched metal branch, bringing a little storybook charm to a traditional space. A stone base adds a grounded feel, while a shantung shade softens the glow for cozy evenings on a bedside table or entryway console.

Looks perfect in front of my mural of a countryside landscape. Lisa. Brentwood, CA. Sun, 31 Oct 2021

The Janelle Table Lamp - Marble, is a finish extension of our best-selling Janelle Table Lamp in Alabaster. The Janelle Lamp exudes sophistication with its honed marble ring encircling a matte antique brass center ring. Topped with a classic white linen oval shade, this lamp provides a soft and elegant glow, perfect for living rooms, bedrooms, or study areas. The harmony between the earth toned marble and warm brass creates a visually appealing piece that adds a touch of luxury to any decor. Its timeless design ensures that the Janelle Table Lamp will be a cherished addition to your home, offering both style and functionality.

Elevate your room with a modern lamp that blends artistry and function. The 24.75" tall Orsa Led table lamp by is an adjustable lighting option that will become a statement piece in your home. It features a large, metal disc-shaped Led frame measuring 17" in diameter that can be rotated to create the perfect lighting effect for your space. Suspended inside the metal frame is a 15.25" diameter frosted diffuser to softly disperse the integrated 1,000 lumen Led lighting. Below the disc-shaped frame is a short, slender pole in black finish leading to the luxurious black marble cylindrical base topped with an antique brass disc. The 20W table lamp is operated with a touch switch located on the antique brass disc, allowing you to change the lighting setting between low, medium, high, and off at the touch of a finger, and features a 5' black cord. Complete your décor with the coordinating Orsa floor lamp and pendant light.

Mindi. Grand Rapids, MI. Mon, 27 Nov 2023

The Bianca table lamp features a natural ivory marble base with gold accents, supporting a glamorous opal globe light perched on a gold-plated metal arm. Crafted to illuminate your space with refined grace, the Bianca’s unique modern design makes it a standout piece in any setting.

This Stunning Lamp Demands Attention With Its Playful And Unique Profile. The Design Is Crafted From Cast Iron, Finished In A Plated Warm Bronze And Displayed On A Thick Black Marble Foot, Giving This Table Lamp A Rich Elegance. A Round Hardback Drum Shade Made With A Crisp White Linen Fabric Completes The Piece.

T.O celebrates and reinforces the importance of light like a pillar of our daily life. A monolithic column stands to support a horizontal and vertical line of light to provide precise light control in all directions. T.O embodies a harmonious dialogue between solidity and lightness offering unlimited contexts for use in residential and workplace environments, all within a minimal footprint. T.O features a fully dimmable LED light source with a tactile push switch appropriately positioned at the end of the arm. Both table and floor versions feature a magnetically attached light arm over a marble cylinder base while the light wand can be rotated up to 360 degrees to provide both direct and indirect light for the task and ambient lighting needs alike. T.O is a seamless integration of functional lighting and sculpture.

Ideal for helping brighten up a room while they add a touch of decor to your ensemble, table lamps like this room is a flexible touch we just can't get enough of! Showcasing a sputnik-inspired silhouette with six white opal glass globe shades, this table lamp is perfect for creating an eye-catching, mid-century-inspired look in your living room. And thanks to the LED bulbs, this lamp arrives ready to brighten up a room (and saves you a trip to the hardware store).

I absolutely LOVE these lamps. They are gorgeous!!! They have the ability to dim as needed. They are made very well. They add an elegant and modern touch to my bedroom. I am so happy I made this purchase. 1010.. Anonymous. Wed, 19 Feb 2025

An intriguing accent light featuring transitional style, this table lamp has an aluminum oval-shaped frame with a brass finish, a marble base, and a bold shade. The shiny of the frame and white base provides a strong contrast to the drum shade. Suitable for any home, this table lamp is an excellent option for an office, foyer, bedroom, or living room.

A commanding presence in any space, The Kingpin LED Table Lamp by epitomizes sleek sophistication. This desk lamp combines a luxurious marble base in classic black with a minimalist, modern iron shade in ivory. Its distinct silhouette, featuring a cylinder base supporting a clean, dome-shaped top, makes it a focal point in an array of settings—from the executive suite to a posh living room. This lamp isn't just for show; it's built for performance with an integrated 9W LED that emits 800 lumens of warm white light at 2700K, perfect for tasks or creating ambient lighting. Its dimmer switch provides precise control, allowing you to set the mood from intensely focused to softly diffused. It’s a versatile piece that complements modern, contemporary, minimalist, and urban decor themes. Supported by ’s 3-year warranty, this LED lamp promises longevity and style, providing a chic lighting solution that’s both striking and subtly complex, just like the name it bears—Kingpin.

The lamps are stylish and modern! It looks like the picture and is exactly what I was looking for.. Vladimir. US. Thu, 22 Oct 2026

Illuminate your space with the Ethelsville accent table lamp, a perfect blend of traditional elegance and modern design. Standing at 24 inches tall, this stunning piece boasts a sophisticated marble body that exudes timeless charm, complemented by a sturdy iron base that ensures stability and durability. The glass shade softly diffuses light, creating a warm and inviting ambiance in any room. Perfect for adding a touch of refinement to your living area or bedroom, the Ethelsville table lamp is not just about style?it's about bringing warmth and character to your home. Easy to maintain, simply wipe it clean with a dry cloth to keep it looking pristine. Elevate your d?cor with this striking accent lamp that seamlessly marries classic allure with contemporary flair.

Gorgeous lamps!. Leann. Casa Grande, AZ. Mon, 23 Jun 2025

Add the 2-Piece set of Green Onyx Marble LED Table Lamp with Acrylic Accent to any interior for a refined blend of natural artistry and modern design. Hand‑carved from green onyx marble and accented with acrylic, this lamp highlights organic variations in color, grain, and texture that make each piece unique. Its rounded glossy top and tapered base create a sleek silhouette, while the creamy finish complements Modern, Minimalist, and Scandinavian‑inspired spaces. Perfect for living rooms, bedrooms, or entryways, it delivers a sophisticated glow that enhances warmth and designer style. Measuring 5.25 inches round by 12.25 inches high, it offers proportions that reassure fit confidence and versatile placement. Bring handcrafted elegance, durability, and timeless personality into any space today.

See how the room glows with this modern table lamp. Marble base balanced with minimalistic frame for an elevated look.

Exquisite artistry creates a nature-inspired vibe that sets a tone in an elegant living room or bedroom space. Fashioned of chic glass, steel, and marble, this sophisticated table lamp showcases rich detail and a commitment to upscale decorative elements.

Incredible! Adore them! Sturdy and high-quality.. Pina. Marlton. Sun, 08 Jun 2025

Known as the “Carrara of Greece”, Volakas marble was used in the design of this stunning table lamp for the modern aesthetic it provides. Its ivory shade not only complements this lamp perfectly, but also delivers diffused ambient light that sheds warmth and style throughout any contemporary space.

This bedside meticulously crafted for residential or commercial use, this table lamp is the perfect piece to add style to any room.

Stunning and the size!. Stefania. Art Home Garden Design Firm. Sun, 26 Apr 2020

Reminding one of the planetarian rings, the galactic-designed Cassini Floor Lamp makes a radiant focal point in your home interior. The inner rings are attached to hinges, so you can rotate them individually to direct the light as required. This Table Lamp comes with integrated dimmable LED lights so you can adjust the brightness as desired.

Illuminate your space with this modern table lamp. Features a sleek disc design in black and brass iron. A black marble base completes the beautiful piece. As marble is a natural material, unique veining, pitting, fissures, micro-cracks and colour variations are all characteristics that add to the uniqueness and beauty of each piece.

Elevate your living space with the Eichholtz Daniel table lamp. This sophisticated piece features a white marble base and a shade with an antique brass finish, epitomizing modern artisan craftsmanship. Perfect for contemporary interiors, this iconic lamp offers timeless elegance and functionality. Discover the exquisite blend of marble and brass in this signature lighting solution for your luxury home. Marble is a natural material. Each piece differs in color and veining.

Elevate your living space with the Eichholtz Daniel table lamp. This sophisticated piece features a grey marble base and a shade with an antique brass finish, epitomizing modern artisan craftsmanship. Perfect for contemporary interiors, this iconic lamp offers timeless elegance and functionality. Discover the exquisite blend of marble and brass in this signature lighting solution for your luxury home. Marble is a natural material. Each piece differs in color and veining.

Equally, at home in modern and traditional interiors, the table lamp Duco brings style as it shines a light in your space. Sitting on a black marble base and provided with an antique brass finish, it features two stems with funnel-shaped holders and elliptical white glass shades that cast an ambient light on your interior

Calabria lamp features a ball of natural Calacatta gold marble supported on a metal base with a warm coffee bronze finish and topped with an off-white linen drum shade. This combination of mixed materials creates an ideal accent lamp that will function as a primary decorative piece, illuminating any elegant modern space.

A charming nostalgic accent lamp that will add beauty to your rooms. This Roussillon lamp features two stunning White Art Glass shades with Rose Bouquet Hand-Painted designs that are color-coordinated with delicate Clear glass beaded fringe. An elegant cast metal base in a Mahogany Bronze finish with a White Marble accent embraces the Victorian-inspired shades. Perfect for placing in picture windows; living rooms; and other spaces in fine homes from Richmond Hill in Queens; New York; to Woodruff Place in Indianapolis; Indiana; to Guthrie; Oklahoma. The Roussillon 2 Light Table Lamp is featured in our American-designed; handcrafted Boudoir Lighting Collection. UL and cUL listed for dry locations. Each shade is a unique work of art with color variations based on natural ingredients inherent in the glass.

Artistry and nature intertwine seamlessly in the Rivulet Table Lamp. Inspired by the grace of a gentle Vermont stream making its way through a stony bed, the Rivulet showcases a combination of steel and hand-selected lilac marble quarried in Turkey. Each piece boasts captivating purple veins and color variations, making it a true work of art that brings the tranquil beauty of nature into any space.

The shade is crafted from hand-blown frosted glass and the base is made from solid marble. A dimmable LED light source means the lamp creates a subtle, sophisticated glow. Please note, shade colors will vary between each item.