Retro Bathroom Vanity Lighting

This 3-light vanity fixture brings a bold retro look to your bathroom with its glass globe-like dome shades and sleek metal finish. It's crafted from steel with three lights that cast a warm, ambient glow throughout your space. We love that it's dimmable, so you can adjust the lighting to suit your mood (day or night). Rated for damp locations, it's a great choice for your bathroom or powder room.

Tricky to get a solid connection so the lights don’t blink. We put them on a dimmer switch and that works well. I like the look.. Ingrid. Cottage Grove, MN. Tue May 19 2026

This vanity light brings a clean, modern glow to your home. Crafted from metal, it features a slim rectangular backplate and short arm extensions that securely hold the glass shades in a row. The open-bottom globe design directs light downward, making it an ideal choice for placement directly over a mirror. It combines everyday functionality with a streamlined silhouette that integrates smoothly into your existing layout. Plus, it connects easily to a standard dimmer switch so you can adjust the brightness to suit your preferences.

Great coastal vibe in our coastal property bathroom. Exactly as described and lovely. Sue. Aurora, CO. Tue Jul 21 2026

This 2-light vanity fixture brings a retro feel to your bathroom or powder room. It's made from metal and has two bent arms with riveting details on the socket for a hint of industrial appeal. Glass schoolhouse-shape shades cap the design and diffuse the light from your choice of bulbs. This fixture is compatible with a dimmer switch to effortlessly take you from day to night. Plus, you can install it facing upward or downward to make it work for your space.

Purchased for remodel a bathroom in our home. Love it. Barbara. San Antonio, TX. Fri Sep 01 2023

The wall sconce lighting is a modern spin on the original, offering a Retro appearance in a classic hue. The fixture embodies a practical, yet beautiful design as an homage to the original concept. Please note: Before purchasing, please measure the dimensions of the place where the lighting fixtures are installed at home.  Please note: Due to manual measurement and photographic lighting, slight color variations and a margin of error between 0.3 to 1 inch should be allowed. We appreciate your understanding.

Beautiful lights. Look great in half bath. Kennedy. Butte, MT. Wed Aug 12 2026

Bring timeless elegance to your bathroom with this modern vanity light, featuring beautifully crafted tulip-inspired glass shades that add a soft decorative touch to any space. The gracefully curved glass diffuses light evenly while creating a warm and inviting atmosphere, making it an ideal choice for bathrooms, powder rooms, hallways, bedrooms, and more. Constructed with a premium all-metal frame, this vanity light is built for lasting durability. The moisture-resistant finish helps protect against rust, corrosion, and everyday wear, while reinforced retaining rings securely hold each glass shade in place for reliable performance. Compatible with standard E26 base bulbs (not included), this fixture works with dimmable bulbs and a compatible dimmer switch, allowing you to adjust the brightness to suit any mood or occasion. Designed to complement a variety of interiors, this collection is available in multiple finish and glass color combinations, making it easy to coordinate with modern, transitional, vintage, farmhouse, or contemporary décor. All mounting hardware and installation instructions are included for quick and hassle-free installation.

Very good quality for the price. The glass is heavy not thin and it looks fabulous in my bathroom!. William. Bayfield, CO. Wed Sep 09 2026

Advanced texture coupled (high quality metal, anti-rust and won't fade) with transparent glass retro shade, showing a refined and modern style. It is suitable for wet places such as bathroom lights over mirror, laundry rooms, dining room, living room, corridor, cafe, basement, bar, club, office, library, and bedroom.

It looks great in my bathroom.. Maria. West Hartford, CT. Wed Sep 10 2025

This vanity light brings refined glamour to your bathroom. Clear glass globe shades pair with a sleek metal backplate for a clean, modern look that feels both elegant and understated. Available in 3-light and 4-light configurations, the dimmable design provides layered illumination for daily routines, while exposed bulbs add a touch of vintage-inspired character. We love that the clear glass shades maximize light output while highlighting the fixture's polished silhouette. The versatile design can be mounted with the shades facing up or down to suit your space.

Gorgeous! Easy to install. I did it myself ). Leslie. Ponte Vedra, FL. Tue Apr 28 2026

This wall sconce lighting takes the classic design and gives it a modern twist, boasting a retro look in a timeless color. It embodies a design that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing, paying tribute to the original idea. A sleek metal frame paired with a crystal-clear glass cylinder, housing a warm-glowing bulb that transforms bathrooms, living rooms, or hallways into curated sanctuaries. Whether you’re aiming for industrial chic, modern minimalism, or timeless sophistication, this wall sconce isn’t just a light fixture – it’s a design narrative. Crafted with premium materials and thoughtful engineering.

This is a beautiful light fixture. We installed in our master bathroom and it matches beautifully with our hardware and sink faucets. It was slightly longer than we anticipated and the glass cylinders are delicate, so make sure they are tight.. L.p.. NY. Thu May 07 2026

This wall lamp enhances the decorative effect with its design featuring a wave-shaped glass lampshade (with tulip-style texture) and a simple rust-proof iron frame. It is highly suitable for creating a retro-modern atmosphere. The lamp is designed with a reversible installation method (both up and down are possible), making it easy to install flexibly. It can be paired with E26 bulbs (maximum power 60 watts, the bulbs are not included) to achieve a warm and soft lighting effect (compatible with LED, to improve energy efficiency). It is compact yet distinctive, suitable for bathroom countertops, bedroom decorative walls, or entrance corners. The installation is simple and durable. This multi-functional lamp combines beauty and practicality, adding a luxurious touch to any living space.

Very very cute! Perfect look for our bathroom we’re renovating!. Tabitha. AR. Thu Aug 27 2026

The wall sconce lighting in gold is a modern spin on the original, offering a Retro appearance in a classic hue. The fixture embodies a practical, yet beautiful design as an homage to the original concept. Please note: Before purchasing, please measure the dimensions of the place where the lighting fixtures are installed at home.  Please note: Due to manual measurement and photographic lighting, slight color variations and a margin of error between 0.3 to 1 inch should be allowed. We appreciate your understanding.

This was exactly as described and desired. Lindsay. Rodeo, CA. Thu Oct 01 2026

Simplicity and minimalism are on full display with this vanity fixture. Crafted from iron with a metallic finish, it includes a circular backplate and a horizontal bar that connects to all of the holders. Resting on each one is a glass globe shade that tempers the glow from a bulb, which is sold separately and compatible with dimmer switches to move you effortlessly from day to night. This vanity light is also damp-rated, making it safe to use in high-moisture environments.

Love it!. Erin. FL. Wed Jun 03 2026

Illuminate your bathroom in style with a captivating dimmable vanity light. This fixture features metal shades perfect for E26 Medium bulbs (bulbs not included), exuding industrial charm and designed for damp locations. Enhance your space with a touch of sophistication by incorporating this elegant lighting solution into your bathroom decor.

Perfect. Ruthann. Rotonda West, FL. Wed Jun 04 2025

Add a touch of contemporary elegance to your bathroom with this classic black vanity light. Featuring a sleek black finish, this three-light fixture offers a clean, refined look that complements a wide range of interior styles. The clear globe glass shades not only protect the bulbs but also allow soft, radiant light to fill the space. Designed for versatility, this fixture can be installed as both a mirror light and a wall light, making it ideal for bathrooms, powder rooms, vanity cabinets, kitchens, or art displays. Its minimalist design brings a sense of airiness and modern charm to any setting.

Beautiful light fixture! I like that the globes are enclosed because then dust won’t get in there.. Andrea. Columbia, MO. Mon Jul 29 2024

This 3-light vanity fixture illuminates your bathroom in style and lends a bold modern look to your space. Crafted from steel, it comes in a dynamic set of finishes and can be installed up or down depending on your preferences. It features a circular backplate and a horizontal bar that connects to three holders. Three matching cone shades surround corresponding bulbs, which are sold separately and compatible with dimmer switches. This vanity light is also damp-rated for safe use in high-moisture environments.

Beautiful fixture and great price point - loved it in the hall bath over at our Hargrove House project. Dina. NY. Sun Apr 26 2026

The Rito family is a modern update to nostalgic globe lights. Rito offers flexibility in any application with one-light sconces, and -light vanities that are all available to be mounted up or down.

This is a very attractive light fixture! It looks exactly as it does in the photos - the gold finish is not too bright and feels very high end. It has a nice weight and seems to be good quality, it will look great in my small guest bathroom!. Tara. Medford, MA. Tue Apr 14 2026

Inspired by mid-century modern art with contrasting geometric shapes, the Kristan collection blends both form and function beautifully. The shades seem to float over the large rectangular back plate and are accentuated by the thin metal divider. This bathroom vanity wall light is finished in satin brass with contrasting frosted opal glass globes. Place this contemporary piece over medium vanities, as a pair over double sinks, or vertically on either side of a mirror.

Very cute - just a heads up you will need to buy your own bulbs as it doesn’t come w any. Victoria. Yucca Valley, CA. Mon Apr 06 2026

This modern elegant vanity light features three spherical ribbed glass shades that delicately diffuse light, paired with a sleek, curved metal frame and sturdy hard metal base. The wall light can be installed with the glass shades facing up or down, offering versatile installation options to suit your space. Designed for E12 base bulbs (not included), this Bathroom vanity light is also compatible with dimmer switches for customizable lighting. Whether placed in bathrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, hallways, or bedrooms, this vanity light provides warm and ample illumination, adding a stylish touch to any room. Perfect for creating an inviting atmosphere, this versatile fixture enhances your home’s décor while offering both functionality and charm.

I like the look of these and the unique texture of the bulbs gives it some character. The only part to figure out is the type of bulb that will go best in it.. Julie. Arvada, CO. Tue Aug 11 2026

A modern reflection of classic Art Deco design, the Lehman Family features round, etched white glass globes set against bold fixtures finished in modern gold. The striking curves of the lighting components work in perfect harmony with clean lines of the backplate, creating a singular lighting experience perfect for any contemporary design scheme. Available as 1-light sconce, 3-light vanity, or 5-light island fixture, this collection is designed to impress.

[This review was collected as part of a promotion.] Quick and easy install and has a very balanced and elegant look to the bathrooms final finish. Rockstar. Fri Apr 17 2026

A generous width and upscale aesthetic go a long way toward highlighting an ensuite or guest bath vanity with a four-light vanity light from the lyna collection. This chic fixture reflects a touch of nautical charm and embodies the importance of symmetry and style. A linear frame fashioned of bold matte black finish steel supports four glam clear ribbed glass cone shades, delivering an uncompromising level of romantic essence.

this vanity light is beautiful!! It fits perfectly with my mid-century home renovation project.. Amy. US. Mon May 06 2024

This 5-light vanity fixture outfits your bathroom with a bold, sophisticated look and plenty of modern coastal style. Crafted from steel with a dynamic finish of your choice, it includes a circular backplate and a horizontal bar that supports five holders. Each one keeps in place an opal-etched glass globe shade that surrounds a 100W max bulb, sold separately and compatible with a dimmer switch. This vanity light is also damp-rated, making it safe to install and use in high-moisture environments.

Gives off so much light and is so pretty. Perfect finishing touch for the bathroom.. Jen. Coldwater, OH. Tue Dec 02 2025

Unique Design: The bathroom vanity light fixtures is electroplated, combining metal and glass shades for a gorgeous style Quick Installation: The bathroom light comes with mounting hardware, complies with the US junction box standard, and detailed illustration, you can install it with the instruction Vanity Light Size: The vintage bathroom vanity light fixture size is Length 22.5" x Width 9.9" x Height 9.1", use 60W G9 bulbs,bulbs are not included Multi-Scene Application: The bathroom vanity lights can use for bathroom, powder room, dressing table, mirror cabinets, vanity table, dining room, corridor, art display Brightness: Brightness can be adjusted by purchasing your own bulbs that can be dimmed. Bathroom 3 light vanity lighting fixtures

This light is so well made. The lamp shades are a heavy crystal. The bronze is bright and shiny. It only took 20 minutes to install if you have basic electrical knowledge. All the instructions were clear. All of the hardware was there. Please note though that it does not include lightbulbs!. Alexis. Tipton, IN. Mon Jul 06 2026

Simplistic and sleek, this vanity light illuminates any bathroom in style. Crafted from metal in a racetrack style, its design provides a contemporary touch for your powder room or master bath. This horizontally-mounted fixture is rated for damp locations, making it an ideal choice for bathrooms. Add eight compatible bulbs (not included) and you'll see the light in your space in no time.

It looks great! Better than I thought it would.. Bettie. Huntington Beach, CA. Wed Jul 28 2021

Minimalist + modern. This two-light vanity fixture brings a sleek, contemporary vibe to your space with its mix of rectangular and round frames. Clear glass shades and steel construction create maximum brightness. Mount it upwards or downwards, casting ambient light in any direction. Plus, it's dimmable for customized illumination. Hardwired and ready to shine.

This fixture is exactly what I was looking for ! Beautiful color and design.. Sarah. Carlsbad, CA. Fri Aug 14 2026

Perfect for brightening up the main bathroom or powder room, vanity lighting is ideal for keeping a bright light on your mirror and sink, so you can tackle your morning routine without a mistake. This 3-light piece is ideal for adding a bright contemporary touch with a twist of retro style thanks to its clear glass globe shades, circular metal backplate, and slim mounting bar. Each light accommodates a 100W bulb, although none are included. And since this dimmable piece is designed with damp spaces in mind, you can take an extra-steamy shower without worrying about your fixtures.

Looks great, easy to install and clean. Very happy with this purchase.. Lauren. Milton, GA. Thu May 12 2022

The 3-Light Wall light is a great choice for anyone looking to enhance their space with a fixture that is both practical and aesthetically pleasing. Whether you're updating your bathroom vanity or adding accent lighting to your hallway, this sconce offers a blend of style, functionality, and comfort. When paired with dimmer switch and dimmable bulb, The light allows you to adjust the brightness to suit your mood or the occasion

Super cute and easy to install.. Lynette Fader. Lynnwood, WA. Sun Oct 12 2025

Illuminate your bathroom with elegance and efficiency using our Vanity Lights with 6 LED Bulbs. With a modern and sleek design, these lights are perfect for bathrooms, mirror cabinets, powder rooms, bedrooms, and living rooms. Crafted with high-quality materials and advanced technology, they resist dust, fog, corrosion, and moisture, ensuring durability in humid environments. Enjoy energy savings of up to 80% compared to conventional bulbs, thanks to efficient LED technology with a lifespan of up to 50,000 hours. Easy to install with included hardware and instructions, these lights instantly enhance your space with brilliant illumination and timeless style. Upgrade your bathroom lighting experience today with our Vanity Lights.

Clean and modern, with lots of light!. Lynn. Palm Beach Gardens, FL. Sat Aug 01 2026

Modern industrial and romantic vintage influences collide in the dynamic Benson collection. The pared-down silhouettes adorned with contemporary exposed Edison or globe bulbs (not included) result in a bold, geometric statement piece that emits a radiant glow. Mount in a powder room or vanity area for the ultimate combination of style and warmth. From fashionable hardware and unique silhouettes to timeless finishes and remarkable craftsmanship, Robert Stevenson Lighting is as enduring as it is versatile. The thoughtful addition of a ceiling light from this hand-picked collection will create a warm and welcoming ambiance that is guaranteed to impress. Oversized globe bulbs or clear Edison bulbs are ideal for creating a stylish, retro atmosphere. The light fixture measures 5.75 inches L x 19 inches W x 10 inches H.

Great price, simple to install. Only problem I had was getting all the wires to fit underneath the base.. Sarah. New Orleans, LA. Thu Jan 02 2025

This 2-light vanity fixture has a retro look inspired by a mid-century design aesthetic. It is crafted from steel in a neutral hue of your choice. The round backplate affixes to the wall and supports a horizontal rod and two bell-shaped seeded glass shades. Each houses a standard bulb (sold separately). We love that this vanity light is dimmable, allowing you to adjust the brightness of the light to suit your preference. The overall width of 15.5” makes it a good choice for a single vanity. It comes with a one-year manufacturer’s warranty.

Can't wait to get them up in our new bathroom . Just what I was looking for.. Shirley. Huntsville, ON. Mon Sep 09 2024

Bring on the modernism with our Art Deco-inspired frosted cylinder wall light. Shining upward, the LED bulb provides plenty of light. The sparkling chrome finish adds vintage style to your bath vanity, kitchen, hallway, or entry.

Beautiful light fixtures, but cross bars were not level. We were able to adjust them somewhat.. Laurie. Norfolk, VA. Thu Apr 21 2022

Worked with my design and mirror I purchased.. Janet. Livermore, CA. Sun May 15 2022

A generous width and upscale aesthetic go a long way toward highlighting an ensuite or guest bath vanity with a four-light vanity light from the lyna collection. This chic fixture reflects a touch of nautical charm and embodies the importance of symmetry and style. A linear frame fashioned of bold matte black finish steel supports four glam clear ribbed glass cone shades, delivering an uncompromising level of romantic essence.

Very nice and easy to install. Highly recommended. Reynold. Broomfield, CO. Thu Apr 24 2025

This is a lamp that combines practicality and aesthetics, aiming to enhance the visibility and beauty of the space dedicated to makeup, beauty care, or personal care. It provides uniform and glare-free lighting, minimizing facial shadows and facilitating operations such as makeup application, shaving, hair styling, or basic skincare. Besides offering targeted and reliable lighting for delicate tasks, it also serves as a decorative element, adding warmth, depth, and luster to the space, perfectly combining functionality with visual appeal to create a comfortable and inviting makeup environment.

love it so beautiful up. Enid. Kihei, HI. Wed Jul 15 2026

The Bloom vanity light with matte black finish is as beautiful as it is original! Perfect for modern bathrooms, this vanity light conjures up images of spring blooms on a branch with its 5 frosted glass globes. Its design featuring integrated LED lights is compatible with LED dimmers, letting you easily adjust the intensity of the light above your vanity or counter as you desire. Bloom emits a brightness of 1700 lumens and is easy to install. It features a lifespan of 50,000 hours

Beautiful Light Fixture. Anonymous. Cambridge, ON. Tue Jul 07 2026

This modern vanity wall light features sleek metal frames paired with ribbed clear glass globes. Compatible with E12 bulbs (bulbs not included), this dimmable fixture delivers soft customizable lighting to match your space vibe. Available in multiple lamp head options, it seamlessly fits bathroom vanities, entry hallways, bedroom side walls and living room accent decor, adding minimalist elegant style to any interior.

perfect for my poweder bath. very classy & elegant!. Melissa. San Diego, CA. Sat Jul 11 2026

Vintage and industrial styling coalesce in the functional, yet elegant frame of this 2-Light Vanity Light. Metal reflector-style shades are complemented by contrasting metallic fittings. These Fixtures pair well with either vintage style or traditional bulbs to create a fun focal point in your home.

Perfect little light for a smaller bathroom. The mix of metals is just right to give it a fun twist.. Jamie. Phoenix, AZ. Sat Jul 11 2026

The two-light vanity fixture is an industrial yet minimalist design, making this fixture perfect for an eclectic living room or over a modern dining room table. Milk Glass gives the series a more current look.

Great quality. Exactly what I hoped for.. Kate. Quincy, MA. Fri Jun 05 2026

This 2-light vanity light combines a matte black frame with gold-tone accents and clear crackle glass globe shades. The 13.62 inch width works above smaller bathroom mirrors, powder rooms, and hallway walls. It uses two E26 bulbs up to 40W each.

I absolutely love the look of this light fixture! The cracked globes, give it such a unique look. And I love that the gold is not too shiny overall. It has a subtle look to it, but also brings an elegance to the space. The way the globes fit into the vanity lighting definitely make me nervous, but I tighten them as much as I could and they seem to be holding so far. I would definitely recommend this if you are looking for a way to refresh your bathroom area.. Kasey. Simi Valley, CA. Sun Sep 27 2026

A generous width and upscale aesthetic go a long way toward highlighting an ensuite or guest bath vanity with a four-light vanity light from the Lyna collection. This chic fixture reflects a touch of nautical charm and embodies the importance of symmetry and style. A linear frame fashioned of bold matte black finish steel supports four glam clear ribbed glass cone shades, delivering an uncompromising level of romantic essence.

Brings the right amount of light into my bathroom. Jessica. Lake Forest, IL. Thu Nov 06 2025

Picture your daily routine transformed by a warm, vintage-inspired glow that instantly elevates your space. This wall-mounted fixture brings timeless elegance to your bathroom or powder room, seamlessly complementing any decor. The five-light configuration delivers bright, even illumination across your vanity mirror, ensuring every detail is clearly visible for effortless grooming. Elegant crystal glass shades beautifully diffuse the light, casting a sparkling ambiance that feels both sophisticated and inviting. Crafted with a refined finish, it offers lasting durability and versatile styling to enhance any interior. Elevate your home with a lighting solution designed for both beauty and practicality. Please note that bulbs are sold separately, giving you the freedom to select your preferred brightness.

Combining retro appeal with modern design elements, this bath bar brings up-to-the-minute style to any bathroom ensemble. Holding one 60 W bulb (not included), this luminary casts a brilliant glow over your morning ablutions. A hand-blown glass shade in the shape of a bar pairs with a stainless steel backplate to pull the striking look together. This item includes a one-year manufacturer warranty. Plus, this fixture is energy-efficient and accommodates LED bulbs.

Love the look. Easy to install.. Bettie. Columbia, SC. Wed Oct 23 2024

This 4-light vanity fixture illuminates your bathroom in style and lends a bold modern look to your space. Crafted from steel, it comes in a dynamic set of finishes and can be installed up or down depending on your preferences. It features a circular backplate and a horizontal bar that connects to four holders. Four matching cone shades surround corresponding bulbs, which are sold separately and compatible with dimmer switches. This vanity light is also damp-rated for safe use in high-moisture environments.

Looks great in my bathroom that needed a little gold and black to pull it all together.. Paula. Aledo, TX. Fri Jun 26 2026

Stacking bold geometric shapes, the multi-light light vanity elegantly modernizes your space. Its refined finish complements various styles. Refresh your vanity lighting with the warm glow of gorgeous opal glass.

[This review was collected as part of a promotion.] I absolutely love love love my Kichler vanity lighting. They look perfect in the bathroom. They adequately light up the room. Especially if you plan on doing your makeup in there. It was very easy to install. Directions were very helpful. I definitely recommend Kichler to any friends or family.. Rousey. Erie, PA. Tue Feb 10 2026

Inspired by minimalist, mid-century European design, the Lorne collection showcases style-forward silhouettes adorned with etched opal glass orbs that emit a dreamy diffused light. Mount in a powder room or vanity area for the ultimate combination of style and warmth. From fashionable hardware and unique silhouettes to timeless finishes and remarkable craftsmanship, Robert Stevenson Lighting is as enduring as it is versatile. The thoughtful addition of a ceiling light from this hand-picked collection will create a warm and welcoming ambiance that is guaranteed to impress. Petite candelabra base bulbs are ideal for creating a cozy, inviting atmosphere. The light fixture measures 7 inches L x 21 inches W x 7 inches H.

I love these vanity lights! I bought 2. Ingrid. MN. Fri Feb 16 2024

Plug-in Vintage Wall Sconce Set of 2: No hardwiring required. Each sconce features a clear striped glass shade with polished brass finish, a classic rotary knob switch, and includes a G45 6W 2700K warm bulb. Ideal for renters and quick installation in any room with an outlet.

These are even better in person that in the pictures. They were easy to install, adjustable and were perfect for my space.. Jennifer. The Colony, TX. Wed Sep 23 2026

This 23-inch retro 4-light vanity fixture is a stunning addition to any bathroom, powder room, or vanity area. The high-quality crystal glass shades emit a soft, luxurious glow that enhances the ambiance of the space. The strong and durable black metal bracket ensures long-term stability and durability, while the modern industrial design adds a touch of sophistication. This versatile light fixture is not only ideal for bathrooms but also suitable for dressing rooms and other areas, providing flexible lighting solutions. With its simple and easy installation, it can be set up without professional help, saving both time and costs. Whether you are looking to add a touch of elegance or need a practical lighting solution, this fixture strikes the perfect balance between style and functionality.

The retro vibe of the Khalyl collection is reinforced by the puff-shaped etched opal glass shades and the luxurious polished nickel finish. Combine these unique lighting pieces with modern, mid-century modern, or glam interior designs for a great conversation piece. Made from durable steel for years of enjoyment and illumination.

This light has a lot of pizazz! It caught my eye immediately. It has 5 lights so the dimmable feature is important. It is a nice focal point for our guest bathroom.. Jzcz. Vero Beach, FL. Thu Jun 20 2024

A generous width and upscale aesthetic go a long way toward highlighting an ensuite or guest bath vanity with a four-light vanity light from the lyna collection. This chic fixture reflects a touch of nautical charm and embodies the importance of symmetry and style. A linear frame fashioned with various finishes support four glam clear ribbed glass cone shades, delivering an uncompromising level of romantic essence.