Lisa 2 Light Textured White Flush Mount Illumine Clish0033230

This flush mount updates your home by pairing a metal frame with natural capiz shells for an eye-catching statement. The multi-tiered silhouette features hand-strung accents that create a softly diffused look, making it an easy addition to elevate your interior. It's designed to deliver ambient lighting, providing steady illumination across your space while blending easily with your existing fixtures. Plus, it features a dimmable design to give you full control over your lighting.

It’s beautiful! It makes a small tinkling sound when it moves. I added a dimmer on it …and it is ethereal in its loveliness!. Jill. Aubrey, TX. Mon Jun 29 2026

Heavenly and celestial like a soft fluffy cloud up above. A handcrafted acrylic conceals bright and evenly diffused LEDs that illuminated a glowing cluster of interlocked silk-screened petals with frosted edges.

Looks beautiful and gives off a lot of light. Installed in a guest bedroom which is 12x14 and it lights up the room.. Michelle. Geneva, IL. Sun Jun 21 2026

Illuminate your space with this effortlessly chic ceiling light, where elegance harmonizes with contemporary minimalism. Designed to elevate any room, its soft cream finish and mountain-inspired silhouette create a sculptural glow—subtle yet striking, like a piece of art for your ceiling.

Looks gorgeous! Absolutely impeccable!. Ivana. Fort Lauderdale, FL. Fri Mar 06 2026

Elegance is not only a temperament, but also an attitude towards life. Make this modern ceiling light illuminate and enliven your room! It is made of high-quality PVC and iron with a baking paint process and has a petal-shaped surface that is both beautiful and durable. Whether it's sparkling in the light of day or illuminating your home in the warmth of the lamp, this light exudes unrivaled glamour. Embrace its beautiful style and add a distinctive touch to your home décor!

This went into my wife’s makeup room. She loves the look. The magnetic installation made the process easier than most lights. Looks beautiful and provides great light. 5 Stars!. Matthew. Salem, OH. Tue Aug 25 2026

"Designed with real goose feathers, this LED ceiling light encourages long stretches of relaxation in the living room or bedroom. Shaped into a large fluffy ball, the feathers serve as the fixture's lampshade, evoking the interplay between the sun and the clouds. With an output of 900 lumens, this ceiling light features variable intensity when paired with an LED-compatible dimmer. The versatile design and soft white glow adapt magically to different needs and times of the day. Lifespan: 50,000 hours."

It looks the same as the picture, but it doesn’t have any warning about fire. Anonymous. Sun Jul 26 2026

introduces a stylish flush mount ceiling light designed to illuminate your home with elegance. With its Matte White color and 2-light design, this fixture exudes timeless charm. It accommodates 60W Type C bulbs, providing ample illumination for your space. Measuring 14 inches in width, 10 inches in height, and 14 inches in depth, it's suitable for various room sizes and ceiling heights. Easy Connect Included ensures hassle-free installation, allowing you to enjoy the beauty and functionality of the flush mount with ease.

Really great information my master bath over t one side. Christina. Pagosa Springs, CO. Tue May 12 2026

The Newell 1-light ceiling semi-flush mount from Savoy House is a standout example of Art Deco style. Three sleek discs of clear glass surround a core shade of opal glass to create a bright and intriguing glow. The Warm Brass finish is bright and chic. Newell is 7" in height and 16" in width. It uses one standard-size bulb of up to 60 watts. The bulb is not included.

Absolutely beautiful light fixture! Love the light and shadow effect it gives!. Leigh. Sun May 03 2026

Individual wrought iron leaves deliver a stunning, unique, and functional light. The tailored elegance of the shimmering metallic florals is perfect for a transitional home though versatile enough to be incorporated into any modern design. While ideal for a bedroom, living area, or kitchen, it can be used anywhere you want to add a bit of glam.

Take a dip in the artisan currents of Swirled. With unique feather textured glass, Swirled is anything but your typical flush mount. To top it all off, it's eco-chic, crafted using 100% recycled glass.

One of a kind design. Seems as if it’s constantly spinning.. Faez. Cerritos, CA. Sat Mar 27 2021

Drawing inspiration from a classic bowl pendant and nature. The Brierley three-light semi flush by Alexa Hampton features a leaf motif, detailed by hand in a stunning display that captivates the design. Brierley is a soft, feminine contemporary piece that is beautiful in any space.

Beautiful light! Great for foyer. Love it. Morgan. Raleigh, NC. Mon Aug 25 2025

This flush mount ceiling light features a clean, structured silhouette with a simple round design for a modern look in your space. It's crafted from a rugged metal frame with a smooth PC lampshade that maintains a light, balanced profile while remaining resistant to dust. The integrated LED light provides ambient illumination across the room, with three color temperatures and adjustable brightness levels to support your daily routines. It's smart-enabled and comes with a remote control, allowing you to easily manage the dimming, timer, and soft light start functions. Plus, its hardwired design allows for a quick installation in approximately 20 minutes.

Easy To install and looks great on my ceiling. Sherri. Wading River, NY. Wed May 27 2026

Bring a soft coastal-inspired glow to your space with this 15" capiz shell drum flush mount. Hand-layered natural capiz shells create a luminous mosaic that gently diffuses light, casting a warm and welcoming ambiance throughout the room. The classic drum silhouette is accented with a subtly scalloped edge, adding refined texture and artisanal character without feeling ornate. Designed to sit close to the ceiling, this fixture is ideal for spaces with lower ceilings while still delivering visual impact. Finished in a neutral pearlescent tone, it blends seamlessly with coastal, bohemian, and modern décor, making it a versatile choice for bedrooms, hallways, entryways, and living spaces.

It’s a beautiful light!! It compliments my laundry room so well! It’s the perfect size and looks so good.. Anonymous. Mon Jul 20 2026

This flush mount light adds whimsy and shines to your teen's bedroom in a neutral hue. It's crafted from iron with a frame made to resemble a minimalist flower or four-leaf clover. The shade features white 100% fabric entirely covering and filtering the light from the two standard bulbs inside (sold separately). We love that this flush mount light is dimmable as well, so your teen can lower the lights after a long day studying and staring at screens. One gold-hued finial in the center mimics a floral center and adds a glam touch.

Very specifically plain. Exactly what the space called for. Very happy with the fixture.. Barbara. Chesterfield, MO. Tue Aug 11 2026

Bring a light, carefree spirit into your home with this 2-light washed white round drum wood beaded flush mount. Wrapped in delicate strands of aged wood beads, its softly rounded silhouette feels both structured and breezy. The matte white finish enhances its airy presence, evoking the relaxed charm of a beach home with a subtle blend of tropical warmth, vintage character, and boho-style ease. As light filters through the beads, it creates a gentle, dappled glow—like sunlight dancing through coastal textures—adding a soft holiday-inspired ambiance to your space. Perfect for bedrooms, living rooms, hallways, or entryways, it brings texture, warmth, and effortless style to everyday living.

Give your low ceilings a warm glow with this totally modern, flush-mount light fixture. Carefully crafted alabaster panels with a white marble finish are fixed in place with metal accents, bringing lots of vintage-inspire flair to any room. Nestled inside this cube are two LEDs, which are dimmable with the right switch, providing lots of ambient lighting no matter the time of day. With a hanging height of 4.75", it's a great option for hallways, entryways, and living spaces.

Gorgeous alabaster fixture! Hung this in my scullery. Im obsessed!. Deanna. Yorkville, IL. Sat Aug 08 2026

================================================================================ ELEVATE YOUR SPACE WITH ARTISTIC LIGHTING ================================================================================ Transform any room into a captivating sanctuary with this stunning floral flush mount ceiling light. Featuring delicate hand-blown glass petals arranged in a beautiful blossom design, this fixture brings nature-inspired elegance to your homes interior. ================================================================================ EXQUISITE CRAFTSMANSHIP ================================================================================ Each glass petal is individually hand-crafted by skilled artisans, creating a unique textured surface that catches and diffuses light beautifully. The transparent glass petals with subtle frosting create a mesmerizing glow, while the matte white metal canopy provides a clean, modern foundation that complements any decor style. ================================================================================ VERSATILE LIGHTING CONTROL ================================================================================ Equipped with integrated LED technology, this fixture delivers 1500 lumens of warm white light (3000K) with excellent color rendering (CRI 80). The dimmable feature allows you to create the perfect ambiance for any occasion - from bright task lighting to soft, romantic mood lighting. (Dimmable switch required, not included) ================================================================================ PERFECT FOR MULTIPLE SPACES ================================================================================ Whether illuminating your bedroom, brightening your living room, adding charm to your dining area, or creating a welcoming entryway, this versatile fixture adapts seamlessly to various interior styles including modern, contemporary, glam, transitional, and eclectic designs. ================================================================================ EASY INSTALLATION ================================================================================ Designed with convenience in mind, this flush mount light comes complete with all necessary mounting hardware and detailed installation instructions. The sloped ceiling compatible design ensures flexibility for various ceiling types, while the standard 110V voltage makes setup straightforward for any homeowner. ================================================================================ AVAILABLE IN TWO SIZES ================================================================================ Choose the perfect size for your space: - 21.26" Diameter: Ideal for rooms up to 150 sq ft (bedrooms, hallways, laundry rooms) - 24.41" Diameter: Perfect for larger spaces up to 200 sq ft (living rooms, dining rooms, master bedrooms) Both sizes feature the same stunning design and 8.27" height for a sleek, low-profile installation. ================================================================================ PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ================================================================================ Material: Hand-blown textured glass petals + Matte white metal canopy Light Source: Integrated LED (25W/30W depending on size) Brightness: 1500 Lumens Color Temperature: 3000K Warm White Color Rendering Index (CRI): 80 Voltage: 110V Dimmable: Yes (compatible with standard dimmer switches) Sloped Ceiling Compatible: Yes Installation Type: Hardwired

I love the this light fixture. It's bright and looks great!. Gloria. Chicago, IL. Tue Jun 02 2026

This modern ginkgo leaf chandelier serves as an elegant dining room light fixture, featuring a durable brass main body and delicate ceramic leaf pendants that complement a wide range of interior decor styles while ensuring long-lasting performance in various environments. It is compatible with dimmable bulbs and switches (bulb and switch not included), comes with all necessary accessories and clear instructions for easy installation by 1-2 people, and suits multiple spaces including dining rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, kitchen islands, and entryways. Backed by a 3-year warranty, we offer free replacement ceramic leaf pendants if they arrive broken or scratched during shipping.

The quality of the leaves is very high. My electrician installed the light and then I placed and screwed in the leaves. It took me less than 40 minutes to do the leaves. It turned out beautiful, o just need to buy the bulbs. The reason one star is knocked off is because there are many more places for the leaves to go, but there is no way to fit a leaf on there. I don’t think it is super noticeable, but if you are a perfectionist, it may drive you nuts. I added photos to more clearly understand what I mean. You are also only given 5 or 6 golden leaves, which is what is supposed to happen, and up to you to place them where you want them to go. I added the first photo so that you can see how the leaves will attach. The final two photos are the final result, minus the bulbs.. Holly. Idaho Falls, ID. Thu May 07 2026

Take a dip in the artisan currents of Swirled. With unique feather textured glass, Swirled is anything but your typical flush mount. To top it all off, it's eco-chic, crafted using 100% recycled glass.

So beautiful. Looks bery exoendive and had s unique design. Gives off a lot of light or you can dim it. Diane. Orangeburg, NY. Wed Aug 05 2026

Bring a clean and sculptural touch to your space with this modern vintage ceramic flush mount ceiling light. Featuring a 11.4" white ceramic disc shade with a smooth, minimalist profile, the brass gold fixture delivers soft ambient lighting while doubling as a refined decorative element. Designed with a compact ceiling-mounted structure, it blends seamlessly into low-profile ceilings while maintaining a strong visual presence. The warm, diffused glow makes it ideal for creating a comfortable and inviting atmosphere in everyday living spaces. Perfect for modern, vintage, transitional, and minimalist interiors, this ceramic ceiling light is a versatile upgrade for bedrooms, hallways, entryways, and dining areas.

Our minimalist, semi-flush light fixture combines elegant hues with a sleek, modern design. A square alabaster shade with white marbling surrounds a single, warm LED bulb (included). The rest of the fixture is crafted from iron with a brass gold finish for a hint of glam style. It's also dimmable, so you have the option to control how bright you want this luminary to be. With a hanging height of 6.75", it's a great option for hallways, entryways, and living spaces.

LOVE the alabaster shade! However, I wish the light bulb sat up higher inside the shade. It is very visible from all angles.. Sylvia. San Diego, CA. Mon Jul 20 2026

Indulge in the timeless elegance of the 1-light linen fabric tiered gull semi flush mount, a masterpiece that seamlessly blends sophisticated design with functional lighting. It features a stunning two-tiered structure, reminiscent of the graceful wings of a gull in flight. Each tier is meticulously crafted from high-quality linen fabric, which not only adds a touch of luxurious texture but also diffuses light softly, creating a warm and inviting ambiance in any room. The top tier is slightly smaller than the bottom one, giving the fixture a balanced and harmonious appearance. The gentle curve of each tier enhances its visual appeal, making it a focal point in your living space. Illuminate your home with this exquisite tiered tapered fabric ceiling light and experience the perfect blend of style and practicality.

Happy with my order. Everything arrived in great condition and looks exactly as expected.. Reid. Wed Jul 22 2026

Do you want to enjoy a cozy atmosphere at home? This high-end and elegant fan lamp can provide you with a comfortable environment. The lamp stand with a feather-like appearance emits warm light, adding an elegant charm to your home and matching perfectly with the wall panels. It has a silent motor, is easy to install, and comes with a one-year warranty, infusing a gentle and comfortable feeling into suburban residences.

Meg. US. Tue May 05 2026

This 3-light semi-flush mount features a statement-making silhouette inspired by organic forms to create a bold focal point in your space. The metal frame is designed with layered, leaf-like details that branch outward, adding texture and a sense of movement to your ceiling. Its steel construction provides a crisp, defined look that works well with various decor styles from transitional to glam. The open design allows light from three bulbs to flow freely, brightening your home with a warm, ambient glow. Plus, it's dimmable so you can easily adjust the atmosphere to suit your mood.

Beautiful light! Exactly what was needed for my ceiling height! Very representative of the image shown!. Cheri. Pembroke, GA. Sun Apr 05 2026

This semi-flush ceiling light brings a refined sense of modern luxury to your home with its sculptural tiered glass design. Featuring multiple textured glass discs arranged in a tiered silhouette, it offers beautiful light diffusion and visual depth, turning everyday illumination into an elegant focal point. Available in Black and Gold finishes, it blends effortlessly with contemporary, transitional, and modern glam interiors, adding a boutique-hotel level statement to living rooms, bedrooms, foyers, and dining spaces.

Thank goodness this had a lot of packaging because the polystyrene arrived in bits. Luckily the glass didn’t shatter and it looks to be good quality but we’ll have to fix a bent part. Georgia. Fri Jul 03 2026

The Semi Flush Mount Ceiling Light is a perfect light fixture for those who love vintage style and rustic boho look. This ceiling light is handmade so it is not only a farmhouse boho light fixture but also a modern beautiful home decoration. You can install it in your living room or family room to create a romantic, warm, and comfortable ambiance. It brings out the essence of true rustic decor as well as that of pure nature.

This light looks very nice and puts off a good amount of light. Perfect for my guest bedroom.. Lauren. Bloomington, MN. Mon Mar 09 2026

Bright light can bring charm and warmth to your room, and light up your life. Made of premium metal, ABS, and crystal, this LED lotus crystal ceiling light is strong and durable. It can create a bright light to brighten your life and will be a great addition to your house. A simple structure and smooth surface allow for easy cleaning and installation. It is an excellent gift for your friends and family for housewarming.

Absolutely stunning! This light took awhile to assemble and two of us to install due to the weight, but it was totally worth it! Here’s what we did 1) attached the leaves to the outside of the fixture, 2) attached the fixture to the canopy, 3) attached the wiring frame to the ceiling, 4) screwed in the light bulbs, 5) connected the wires, 6) attached the canopy to the wiring frame, 7) hung the crystals working from the outer ring to the center.. Anonymous. Mon Sep 08 2025

Delicate discs of white-washed coco shells surround a Vintage Gold Leaf frame creating a form that feels both organic and high end. Add a soothing, luxe look to any ceiling with this modern semi-flush and chandelier.

It’s gorgeous and elegant, totally recommend.. Tracey. Tampa, FL. Mon Mar 23 2026

Delicate flower petals inspire the collection. Its swirling metal rings create a beautiful piece of art and enhance a room design with its attractive symmetrical shape. When gazing up, this fixture will remind you of a blooming flower. Its warm finish and organic shape are versatile for all modern settings.

Bring natural texture and a warm, relaxed glow to smaller spaces with this 3-light handwoven rattan flush mount ceiling light. Its compact 12.6" wide profile works beautifully in entryways, hallways, walk-in closets, laundry rooms, pantries, bedrooms, and other indoor areas with lower ceilings. The woven rattan shade softens the light and adds a casual boho-coastal touch, while the metal canopy gives the fixture a clean, finished look. Designed for three E26 medium-base bulbs up to 60W each, this ceiling light is also dimmable when paired with compatible dimmable bulbs and a dimmer switch, allowing you to create the right mood for everyday living.

Absolutely love this light fixture. It was easy to install in my kitchen and it added the perfect touch. Great amount of lights and goes very well with my decor. Awesome quality.. Anonymous. Mon Aug 17 2026

Two tiers appear to spiral in this series of flush mounts. Finished in matte White, extra large 31.5" diameter bright enough for hospitality applications.

Love it - motion sensor is a great option.. Thomas. Marco Island, FL. Sat Mar 21 2026

This 3-Light modern flush mount ceiling light features double-layer fabric shades shaped like blooming plum blossoms, creating soft, sculptural texture and beautifully diffused illumination. Finished in matte white with opal-style fabric and a bottom acrylic diffuser, this fixture brings gentle elegance to bedrooms, living rooms, nurseries, dining areas, and entryways, especially in spaces with lower ceilings. The 19.7-inch wide profile delivers balanced ambient lighting without visual clutter, while three E26 ceramic sockets support bulbs up to 40W each and are compatible with LED options for energy-efficient performance. Designed for modern American homes, this fabric flush mount blends floral-inspired design, cozy atmosphere, and everyday functionality into a refined lighting solution.

We love this 2-light, drum-shaped flush mount because it showcases simple yet modern elegance. Its low-profile flush mount design is perfect for any room in your home, from the bedroom to the kitchen to the entryway. The sleek metal frame features a neutral finish, which pairs with a frosted white glass shade down below. This flush mount accommodates two 40W bulbs (not included) to create a warm, welcoming glow in your home. Hand-curated by Kelly Clarkson.

Nice light. David. Chicago, IL. Mon May 25 2026

Fixture: 18 inches in diameter x 17.5 inches H; Ceiling plate: 5.9 inches in diameter x 1 inch H.

I bought this for my 17yr old daughter’s room. She loves it and so do we. Much prettier in person!. Stephanie. Asheville, NC. Thu Apr 09 2026

This semi-flush mount ceiling light brings refined drama to interior spaces with sculptural flared fronds that encircle a central drum and etched white glass diffuser. Designed to balance visual impact with soft, ambient illumination, it enhances bedrooms, dining rooms, hallways, and entryways with timeless elegance. Available in a warm metallic finish for a classic look or a crisp plaster finish for a modern aesthetic, this ceiling fixture offers versatility, craftsmanship, and elevated style.

Has a funny smell out of the box. Will put it up. Anonymous. Fri Aug 14 2026

Fed up with the noisy sound of the fan ruining your movie nights or dim lights spoiling family dinners? Our reversible fan light fixes it! Ideal for living rooms, bedrooms & covered patios—quiet, energy-efficient, with remote/timer. 1-year warranty + easy install. Elevate your home comfort now!

Unfortunately I do not like the quality. I am returning. Pamela. Sun Dec 07 2025

Infuse your home with modern elegance using the Kersten collection, featuring a range of lighting options including semi-flush mount, pendant, and chandelier. Each piece in this collection showcases a beautiful floral design, adding a touch of nature-inspired sophistication to your decor. Kersten is finished in a sand white, offering a soft texture that enhances its modern aesthetic. This versatile collection is perfect for various spaces, providing a stylish and cohesive look throughout your home.

The Adella lighting collection breathes new life into the classic mid-century clover silhouette with a contemporary flair. This lighting piece adds a pop of visual interest to any space, from bedrooms to hallways, closets, and beyond.

The Mary-Grace LED flush mount is a sleek addition to your home décor, offering a modern touch to any space. With its circular metal frame and acrylic shade, this lighting fixture seamlessly blends style and function. Ideal for spaces where integrated LED lighting is desired, it provides efficient illumination while enhancing the aesthetic of your home.

Bought for daughter’s room - looks great and very bright. The cute design around rim adds to her nursery. At. Arlington, VA. Sat Jan 31 2026

Decorative luminaire with contemporary, timeless design in natural wood veneer or Italian lacquer finish. Proudly made in Brazil, combining high-end technology and irreplaceable manual finishing.

Featuring a cascading design, this boho coastal sea shell drum semi flush mount ceiling light for dining room consists of gold-finished metal and clear glass shell. The unique shell shape that adds a layer of sophistication to your house. Ideal for creating a relaxed, coastal or bohemian vibe, the modern chandelier offers soft, diffused lighting perfect for everyday use or entertaining. Hang it above a dining table, in a foyer for a welcoming glow, or in a girls' bedroom or nursery for a dreamy, seaside touch. Crafted with quality metal materials and a clean glass finish, this ceiling light balances natural elements with modern appeal.

Beautiful!. Katie. Cary, NC. Sun Aug 09 2026

Modern lanterns featuring a handsome beveled cage design make an elegant statement in the Marleni collection. Clean geometry creates contemporary style with steel candles and candelabra bulbs encased in select glass options. Available in a variety of finishes and glass combinations, as well as various silhouettes, the series is expansive. The extensive collection includes some wet-rated outdoor options with an extra UV-coated layer to prevent fading.

This semi-flush mount, with delicate white ceramic flowers matched to a sleek gold frame, repurposes antique - style decor to fit modern sensibilities. Focusing on transitional classics with an updated edge, the lighting exudes glamorous appeal via its floral shades and high - quality materials. Blending romantic charm with elegant modern style, it infuses spaces with natural beauty and luxurious vibes, making it perfect for dining rooms, bedrooms, or living areas that seek a cozy, artistic, and refined atmosphere bridging timeless charm and contemporary taste.

Gorgeous light. So happy I purchased it. Thinking of buying 2 more for my bedroom hallway! Porcelain flowers are beautiful. Worth the money!. Jill. Lewes, DE. Thu May 07 2026

This modern flush mount brightens any room with ambient light. The fixture is designed for use in damp locations, making it ideal for bathrooms or covered patios. This hardwired fixture is compatible with standard E26 bulbs and features a dimming function for adjustable ambiance.

Excellent. Ana. Simpsonville, SC. Sun Mar 15 2026

The Hemby LED flush mount from offers a sleek and modern lighting solution for your home. Its integrated LED design provides energy-efficient illumination, making it perfect for spaces like the living room or dining room. The combination of steel and acrylic materials adds a contemporary touch, effortlessly blending into various decorative styles.

The captivating Lighting Collection is a modern-day interpretation of the iconic mid-century Tronchi chandelier. Inspired by its predecessor's sleek lines and geometric shapes, the features a polished Chrome or Aged Brass metal frame that exudes sophistication and style. Its unique design showcases transparent tiers of textured Tronchi glass tubes, forming a mesmerizing 5-point rounded star shape. Choose from a range of glass colors, including clear, amber, smoke, and white, or the stunning Autumn option, which features a captivating multicolor disposition of amber, clear, and smoke Tronchi glass. The Lighting Collection offers various sizes and finishes, allowing you to find the perfect fit for your space while adding a touch of timeless elegance.

Mine arrived completely crushed and broken glass everywhere. Glasses is very delicate.. Traz. Atlanta, GA. Thu Mar 26 2026

This 1-light flush mount brings a functional and minimal design to your entryway, dining room, or hallway. The frame is made from metal with a simple, rounded canopy. The design features a clean-lined, rounded fabric shade with a frosted panel for creating a down-light glow from the built-in LEDs. Plus, this light is compatible with a dimmer switch that effortlessly takes you from day to night. And since it's damp-rated, this fixture is a great option for kitchens and bathrooms.

Absolutely love this light in my entry foyer, so much so that I ordered a second for the upstairs landing. And I am getting ready to order yet a third. The LED light really brightens each of these areas.. Anonymous. Richmond, VA. Sun Jul 19 2026

Delicate flower petals inspire the Afshan collection. Its swirling metal rings create a beautiful piece of art and enhance a room design with its attractive symmetrical shape. When gazing up, this fixture will remind you of a blooming flower. It’s warm finish and organic shape are versatile for all modern settings.